The first "camera" was actually an obscura that was originally intended for painters and drawers to project a scene onto paper so that they could trace them before adding color and other details. In 1826 the first permanent image was burned into a chemical coated pewter plate. This image was taken by the French inventor, Joseph Nicéphor Nicépce, in the country side of Le Gras France.
The camera obscura is a fairly simple device. Light needs to pass through a hole on one side of the box or room. The light, or scene, is then reflected (upside down) on a surface inside the box or room. The image projected, although upside down, remains in perspective which was why a lot of artist used them to trace scenes before adding great details. The concepts of the obscura are still used in modern day cameras. Light passes through a lens and is projected on mirrors. The biggest advancement, however, is that photographers no longer have to burn images onto hard surfaces that have been pre dipped in chemicals. Now, mirror lifts up and the image is burned onto a frame of film or onto a digital sensor.
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